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Human power-based energy harvesting strategies for mobile electronic devices

Dewei JIA, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 27-46 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0002-4

摘要： Energy problems arise with the proliferation of mobile electronic devices, which range from entertainment tools to life saving medical instruments. The large amount of energy consumption and increasing mobility of electronic devices make it urgent that new power sources should be developed. It has been gradually recognized that the human body is highly flexible in generating applicable power from sources of heat dissipation, joint rotation, enforcement of body weight, vertical displacement of mass centers, and even elastic deformation of tissues and other attachments. These basic combinations of daily activities or metabolic phenomena open up possibilities for harvesting energy which is strong enough to power mobile or even implantable medical devices which could be used for a long time or be recharged permanently. A comprehensive review is presented in this paper on the latest developed or incubating electricity generation methods based on human power which would serve as promising candidates for future mobile power. Thermal and mechanical energy, investigated more thoroughly so far, will particularly be emphasized. Thermal energy relies on body heat and employs the property of thermoelectric materials, while mechanical energy is generally extracted in the form of enforcement or displacement excitation. For illustration purposes, the piezoelectric effect, dielectric elastomer and the electromagnetic induction couple, which can convert force directly into electricity, were also evaluated. Meanwhile, examples are given to explain how to adopt inertia generators for converting displacement energy via piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic or magnetostrictive vibrators. Finally, future prospects in harvesting energy from human power are made in conclusion.

关键词： mobile electronic device human power energy harvesting micro/miniaturized generator battery green energy

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Wearable thermal energy harvester powered by human foot

Guodong XU, Yang YANG, Yixin ZHOU, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 26-38 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0215-9

摘要： With explosive applications of many advanced mobile electronic devices, a pervasive energy system with long term sustainability becomes increasingly important. Among the many efforts ever tried, human power is rather unique due to its independence of weather or geographical conditions and is therefore becoming a research focus. This paper is dedicated to demonstrate the possibility and feasibility of harvesting thermal energy from human body by sandwiching a thermoelectric generator (TEG) between human shoe bottom and ground, aiming to power a portable electronic device. Through the conceptual experiments conducted on adults, a maximum 3.99 mW steady state power output at a ground temperature with 273 K is obtained, which is sufficient enough to drive a lot of micro-electronic devices. Also, parametric simulations are performed to systematically clarify the factors influencing the TEG working performance. To further reveal the mechanism of this power generation modality, analytical solutions to the coupled temperature distributions for human foot and TEG module are obtained and the correlation between TEG characteristics and the output power are studied. It was demonstrated that, the TEG working as a wearable power resource by utilizing thermal energy of human foot shows enormous potential and practical values either under normal or extreme conditions.

关键词： human power thermal energy energy harvesting micro power wearable device

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Hip-mounted electromagnetic generator to harvest energy from human motion

Dan DAI,Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 173-181 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0301-2

摘要： A type of electromagnetic hip-mounted generator (EHG) is proposed to harvest energy from human hip motion to generate electricity. Based on the law of electromagnetic induction, the EHG generator can convert the kinetic power of the thigh swing into electrical energy during walking or running. To demonstrate the feasibility of the present method, a prototype of the EHG has been designed and fabricated. A theoretical analysis has been conducted to interpret the working behavior of this prototype. In addition, the performance of the system has been experimentally tested through a rotary motor and human body motion. When driven by the rotary motor at a rotation speed of 100 r/min, the open-circuit voltage of this prototype is 2.5 V. Further, a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 1 V and a maximum output power of 284 μW could be produced respectively when walking with an EHG at a speed of 1.47 m/s. This handy renewable energy technology is promising as a pervasive electricity generation system for a group of wearable or implanted sensors, actuators and mobile electronics.

关键词： human power harvesting pervasive energy electricity generation wearable energy renewable and sustainable energy mobile electronics

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Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirectutilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 210-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0200-3

摘要： With the energy and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, human power, as a pervasive, renewable, mobile and environment friendly energy, draws more and more attention over the world. In this paper, the most basic features of human power are presented. The currently available human power harvesting theories and devices are briefly reviewed and compared. Further, direct or indirect utilization of human power in daily life, especially transportation and home appliances, such as human-powered car, watercraft, aircraft, washing machine and television etc. are summarized. Considering that the total energy from an individual is rather limited, as previously focused by most of the former works, it is conceived in this paper that an important future for large scale use of human powers lies in the efficient conversion, collection and storage of such energy from discrete people and then use it later on as desired. With the huge amount of energy gathered, the application category of human power would be significantly expended. Starting from this point, three technical ways towards efficiently utilizing human power are sketched, which are termed as human-powered grid (HPG), human-powered charger (HPC) and human-powered storage (HPS), among which, HPG is capable of collecting the electric power produced by each individual at different regions and thus can supply unique and flexible power to the customers covered in the area, without relying on the conventional electricity grid. The HPC can then charge various kinds of electrical devices instantly by a human driven generator which converts human power into electricity. Finally, the HPS can store electricity in time for later use. In this way, even for the devices requiring electricity that is strong enough, the collected human power can also serve as its reliable energy source. Meanwhile, utilization of human power becomes rather convenient and timely which guarantees its practical value. It is expected that with further research and increasing applications, human power could partially relieve the current global electricity shortage and environmental issues via its pervasive contribution.

关键词： human energy harvesting human-powered transportation human-powered home appliances human-powered grid (HPG) human-powered charger (HPC) human-powered storage (HPS) biofuel

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Harvesting biomechanical energy in the walking by shoe based on liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics

Dan DAI, Jing LIU, Yixin ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 112-121 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0186-x

摘要： A liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics generation system (LMMGS) was proposed and demonstrated in this paper for collecting parasitic power in shoe while walking. Unlike the conventional shoe-mounted human power harvesters that use solid coil and gear mechanism, the proposed system employs liquid metal (Ga In Sn ) as energy carrier, where no moving part is requested in magnetohydrodynamics generators (MHGs). While walking with the LMMGS, the foot alternately presses the two liquid metal pumps (LMPs) which are respectively placed in the front and rear of the sole. As a result, the liquid metal in the LMPs (LMP I and II) is extruded and flows through the MHGs (MHG I and II) in which electricity is produced. For a comparison, three types of LMMGSs (LMMGS A, B and C) were built where all the parts are the same except for the LMPs. Furthermore, performances of these LMMGSs with different volume of injected liquid metal were tested respectively. Experimental results reveal that both the output voltage and power of the LMMGS increase with the volume of injected liquid metal and the size of the LMPs. In addition, a maximum output power of 80 mW is obtained by the LMMGS C with an efficiency of approximately 1.3%. Given its advantages of no side effect, light weight, small size and reliability, The LMMGS is well-suited for powering the wearable and implantable micro/nano device, such as wearable sensors, drug pumps and so on.

关键词： human energy harvesting liquid metal wearable magnetohydrodynamics generator parasitic power in shoe

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Emerging technologies to power next generation mobile electronic devices using solar energy

Dewei JIA , Yubo DUAN , Jing LIU ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 262-288 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0015-z

摘要： Mobile electronic devices such as MP3, mobile phones, and wearable or implanted medical devices have already or will soon become a necessity in peoples’ lives. However, the further development of these devices is restricted not only by the inconvenient charging process of the power module, but also by the soaring prices of fossil fuel and its downstream chain of electricity manipulation. In view of the huge amount of solar energy fueling the world biochemically and thermally, a carry-on electricity harvester embedded in portable devices is emerging as a most noteworthy research area and engineering practice for a cost efficient solution. Such a parasitic problem is intrinsic in the next generation portable devices. This paper is dedicated to presenting an overview of the photovoltaic strategy in the chain as a reference for researchers and practitioners committed to solving the problem.

关键词： photovoltaic conversion energy harvesting solar cell maximum power point track algorithm PV electricity storage mobile/standalone PV application

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核电人因工程领域的发展

杨孟琢

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第8期页码 12-19

摘要：

核电人因工程是核工程技术的一个组成部分，是研究人机交互作用，把人的特点引入核电工程设计，获得安全和高效的工艺设备与系统的新兴工程技术领域。结合我国走过的道路，重点论述了核电人因工程领域的形成、进展以及发展方向，同时也介绍了作者提出的人的可靠性的综合分类理论和其它研究成果。

关键词：核电人因工程控制室系统人的可靠性综合分类法

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Power performance of circular piezoelectric diaphragm generators

TANG Kehong, KAN Junwu, YANG Zhigang, CHENG Guangming, PENG Taijiang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 434-440 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0069-3

摘要： Energy generation performance of a piezoelectric generator depends mainly on several elements such as the structural style, boundary conditions, geometry parameters, materials, vibration-source frequency, and external load. To obtain the optimal energy-harvesting device, the Raleigh method is used to establish the analysis model of circular piezoelectric composite diaphragms. Simply supported and clamped boundary conditions were considered. The relationships between the output power and the structural parameters of piezoelectric composite diaphragms, and the external load resistance and frequency were shown. Given the correlative material parameters and boundary conditions, the output power, using structural parameters, external load, or vibrating frequency as variables, can be calculated. Simulation results show that there are optimal structural parameters and load for a composite diaphragm to achieve the maximum output power. A piezoelectric diaphragm generator with given dimensions tends to achieve higher output power under clamped boundary conditions than that under simply supported boundary conditions.

关键词： clamped boundary energy-harvesting composite diaphragm piezoelectric composite maximum

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Hybrid energy harvesting systems for self-powered sustainable water purification by harnessing ambient

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1718-9

摘要：

● Energy harvesters harness multiple energies for self-powered water purification.

关键词： Piezocatalysis Solar energy Waste heat Decentralized water treatment Point-of-use Nanogenerator

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Gripping mechanisms in current wood harvesting machines

D. GOUBET, J. C. FAUROUX, G. GOGU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 42-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0358-3

摘要：

This paper focuses on the structural synthesis of gripping mechanisms used in the mechanization of the harvesting process. The importance of the gripping function in current devices like harvesting heads is underlined. This function is performed with several typical mechanisms which are listed and described in this article. This study distinguishes two kinds of planar gripping mechanisms mainly used in opening and closing the rollers: five concentric and two lateral ones. Both kinds have advantages and drawbacks. So a third kind of hybrid mechanism has been designed in order to orientate the axis of the rollers during gripping motion in order to combine concentric and lateral gripping advantages. Two planar and one spatial existing mechanisms are described. The last part of this paper presents a structural synthesis of such a spatial parallel mechanism by using the structural parameters and the general formulae established by the third author. Nine kinematic diagrams of spatial parallel mechanisms are provided.

关键词： structural synthesis parallel mechanisms gripping mechanisms wood harvesting harvesting head

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为自供能传感器节点供电的最大功率点跟踪控制热能收集电路 None

Eun-Jung YOON, Jong-Tae PARK, Chong-Gun YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第2期页码 285-296 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601181

摘要：提出一种简便的具有最大功率点跟踪（maximum power point tracking，MPPT）控制功能的热能收集电路，为自供能微型传感器节点供电。

关键词：热电能；能量收集；最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制；自供电系统；传感器节点

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A low power consumption control scheme: application to a piezostack-based active mount

T. LOUKIL, O. BAREILLE, M. N. ICHCHOU, M. HADDAR

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第4期页码 383-389 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0274-6

摘要：

Piezostack-based active mounts have shown great efficiency for vibration control in a wide frequency range. In this paper, we investigate the performances of the global semi-active control strategy presented by Ichchou et al. [ ] for a control system consisting of an active mount and a supported mass. The control strategy allows extracting vibrations energy of the supported mass, storing it in accumulators to be reused for powering in part the actuators (two piezostacks). Consequently, energy needs are reduced versus good control performances comparable to those of the active control based on the negative velocity feedback. The performances of the controller are evaluated in both frequency (transmitted force) and time (acceleration) domains which show that vibrations of the supported mass due to base excitations are efficiently attenuated with the proposed law. An energetic analysis confirms the reduced energy requirement compared to the active scheme.

关键词： hybrid mount energy control piezoelectric harvesting

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Comparison between four piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits

Jinhao Qiu, Hao Jiang, Hongli Ji, Kongjun ZHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 153-159 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0031-z

摘要： This paper investigates and compares the efficiencies of four different interfaces for vibration-based energy harvesting systems. Among those four circuits, two circuits adopt the synchronous switching technique, in which the circuit is switched synchronously with the vibration. In this study, a simple source-less trigger circuit used to control the synchronized switch is proposed and two interface circuits of energy harvesting systems are designed based on the trigger circuit. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed circuits, an experimental system was established and the power harvested by those circuits from a vibration beam was measured. Experimental results show that the two new circuits can increase the harvested power by factors 2.6 and 7, respectively, without consuming extra power in the circuits.

关键词： energy harvesting piezoelectric materials synchronized switching

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基于纳米孔渗透获取盐度梯度能量发电的可行性研究 Article

王樟新, Li Wang, Menachem Elimelech

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 51-60 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.016

摘要：

随着具有离子选择性纳米通道的新型材料的研发，一种获取盐度梯度（蓝色）能量的新技术被提出，即纳米孔发电机（NPG）。在本研究中，我们对膜片尺度和组件尺度的NPG运行的实际性能进行了全面分析。结果表明，虽然NPG 膜片可以在理想条件下产生超高的功率密度，但由于浓度极化效应，实际运行中NPG膜片上产生的功率密度很难达到10 W·m⁻²。对于组件尺度的NPG运行，我们估算了功率密度和可提取比能（即使用单位总体积工作溶液可产生的能量），并基于浓度极化与高浓度溶液和低浓度溶液的混合程度之间的相互作用，阐明运行条件对这两个指标的影响。此外，我们还开发了一个用来评估NPG 系统可行性的模型框架。结果表明，对于使用海水与河水的NPG 系统，总可提取比能非常低（约0.1 kW·h·m⁻³），且受到系统运行能耗的影响（特别是海水和河水溶液的汲取与预处理能耗）。总的来说，NPG系统产生的净可提取比能（< 0.025 kW·h·m⁻³）和净功率密度（< 0.1 W·m⁻²）非常低。我们的研究重点指出了NPG在现实运行中存在极大的局限性，进而对NPG作为一种蓝色能量收集技术的可行性提出了质疑。

关键词：纳米孔发电机盐度梯度（蓝色）能量功率密度可提取比能

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Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Blue Energy Harvesting and Marine Environmental Monitoring

Yang Jiang,Xi Liang,Tao Jiang,Zhong Lin Wang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.023

摘要： Blue energy, which includes rainfall, tidal current, wave, and water-flow energy, is a promising renewable resource, although its exploitation is limited by current technologies and thus remains low. This form of energy is mainly harvested by electromagnetic generators (EMGs), which generate electricity via Lorenz force-driven electron flows. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and TENG networks exhibit superiority over EMGs in low-frequency and high-entropy energy harvesting as a new approach for blue energy harvesting. A TENG produces electrical outputs by adopting the mechanism of Maxwell’s displacement current. To date, a series of research efforts have been made to optimize the structure and performance of TENGs for effective blue energy harvesting and marine environmental applications. Despite the great progress that has been achieved in the use of TENGs in this context so far, continuous exploration is required in energy conversion, device durability, power management, and environmental applications. This review reports on advances in TENGs for blue energy harvesting and marine environmental monitoring. It introduces the theoretical foundations of TENGs and discusses advanced TENG prototypes for blue energy harvesting, including TENG structures that function in freestanding and contact-separation modes. Performance enhancement strategies for TENGs intended for blue energy harvesting are also summarized. Finally, marine environmental applications of TENGs based on blue energy harvesting are discussed.

关键词： Triboelectric nanogenerator TENG networks Blue energy Energy harvesting Ocean sensors

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标题作者时间类型操作

Human power-based energy harvesting strategies for mobile electronic devices

Dewei JIA, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Wearable thermal energy harvester powered by human foot

Guodong XU, Yang YANG, Yixin ZHOU, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Hip-mounted electromagnetic generator to harvest energy from human motion

Dan DAI,Jing LIU

期刊论文

Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirectutilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Harvesting biomechanical energy in the walking by shoe based on liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics

Dan DAI, Jing LIU, Yixin ZHOU

期刊论文

Emerging technologies to power next generation mobile electronic devices using solar energy

Dewei JIA , Yubo DUAN , Jing LIU ,

期刊论文

核电人因工程领域的发展

杨孟琢

期刊论文

Power performance of circular piezoelectric diaphragm generators